Beyond compliance: recreational physical activity as a catalyst for lifelong engagement among university students

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/b9jne593

Keywords:

recreational activities, university students, lifelong physical activity, physical education programs, student engagement

Abstract

This study investigated the role of recreational physical activity as a catalyst for sustained involvement among university students, within the context of tertiary physical education in the Philippines. The study specifically examined students' perceptions across six developmental domains: lifelong physical activity orientation, physical fitness and functional movement, mental health and stress management, social interaction and values development, personal responsibility and self-management, and relevance to adult life. A quantitative-descriptive design with a comparison element was utilized, including 1,067 university students (Group A = 576; Group B = 491). Data were analyzed with weighted mean, standard deviation, and independent samples t-test. The results demonstrated consistently elevated levels of concordance across all domains (M = 3.23–3.35), suggesting that recreational physical activities significantly impact holistic development and encourage ongoing participation in physical exercise. No significant difference was seen between groups (t = -1.218, p = 0.223), indicating that the benefits are received universally. The findings underscore the necessity of transitioning postsecondary physical education from a compliance-oriented participation framework to a more student-centric, recreational, and lifetime involvement paradigm. The research offers empirical evidence for the improvement of policies and the broadening of curricula in physical education programs at the tertiary level.

References

Ahn, J., & Kim, I. (2022). The Effect of Autonomy and Self-Control on Changes in Healthy Lifestyles of Inactive College Students through Regular Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710727

Andrade, C. (2021). The inconvenient truth about convenience and purposive samples. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(1), 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620977000

Bailey, C. P., Lowry, M., Napolitano, M. A., Hoban, M. T., Kukich, C., & Perna, F. M. (2023). Associations Between College/University Physical Activity Requirements and Student Physical Activity. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 94(2), 485–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2021.2009431

Beciete, E.A. Jr., Guillena, J. G. (2025). Physical Activity, Sedentary Lifestyle, and Academic Performance of College Physical Education Students. Psych Educ, 2025, 49(10): 1206-1229. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.491002

Campoamor-Olegario L, Camitan IV DS and Guinto MLM. (2025). Beyond the pandemic: physical activity and health behaviors as predictors of well-being among Filipino tertiary students. Front. Psychol. 16:1490437. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1490437

Chang, J., & Li, J. (2025). The impact of physical activity on college students' well-being: parallel and chain mediation effects of academic anxiety and social support. Frontiers in psychology, 16, 1683053. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1683053

Choi, S., Wang, FJ., Sum, R. et al. (2024). The motivational impact of sport education model on daily physical activity levels among university students: a mediation analysis. Sci Rep 14, 27964. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78446-8

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications.

Deng, J., Liu, Y., Chen, R., & Wang, Y. (2023). The Relationship between Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction among University Students in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Resilience. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 13(11), 889. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110889

Elsden, E., Bu, F., Fancourt, D. et al. (2022). Frequency of leisure activity engagement and health functioning over a 4-year period: a population-based study amongst middle-aged adults. BMC Public Health 22, 1275. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13670-3

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11

Fierro-Suero, S., Fernández-Ozcorta, E. J., & Sáenz-López, P. (2022). Students’ Motivational and Emotional Experiences in Physical Education across Profiles of Extracurricular Physical Activity: The Influence in the Intention to Be Active. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159539

Heinrich, K. M., Beattie, C. M., Crawford, D. A., Stoepker, P., & George, J. (2023). Non-Traditional Physical Education Classes Improve High School Students' Movement Competency and Fitness: A Mixed-Methods Program Evaluation Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(10), 5914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105914

Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2020). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Sage Publications.

Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396–403.https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975

Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., & Yellapu, V. (2018). Descriptive statistics. International Journal of Academic Medicine, 4(1), 60–63. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJAM.IJAM_7_18

Lenze, L., Klostermann, C., Schmid, J. et al. (2024). The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity—a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data. Ger J Exerc Sport Res 54, 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-023-00884-9

Li, H., Cheong, J. P. G., & Hussain, B. (2023). The Effect of a 12-Week Physical Functional Training-Based Physical Education Intervention on Students' Physical Fitness-A Quasi-Experimental Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 3926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053926

Li, L., Meng, F., Yao, S., Shi, Q., & Luo, C. (2025). The effects of an 8-week functional training program on functional movement and physical fitness in male university students: a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in public health, 13, 1641590. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1641590

Liu, L., Xin, X., Wang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Effectiveness of physical exercise on mental health among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1612408. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1612408

Liu, M., Shi, B. & Gao, X. (2024). The way to relieve college students’ academic stress: the influence mechanism of sports interest and sports atmosphere. BMC Psychol 12, 327. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01819-1

Malagodi, F., Findon, J. L., Gardner, B., & Dommett, E. J. (2025). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Improving Mental Health and Wellbeing in University Students. Journal of College Student Mental Health, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/28367138.2025.2566914

Melguizo-Ibáñez, E., Badicu, G., Clemente, F. M., Silva, A. F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., & González-Valero, G. (2022). Impact of emotional intelligence on adherence to the Mediterranean diet in elementary education school students: A structural equation model. PeerJ, 10, e13839.https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13839

Melguizo-Ibáñez, E., González-Valero, G., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., Puertas-Molero, P., & Alonso-Vargas, J. M. (2023). Lifestyle Habits in Elementary and High School Education Students: A Systematic Review. Social Sciences, 12(3), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030113

Melguizo-Ibáñez, E., Puertas-Molero, P., González-Valero, G., & Alonso-Vargas, J. M. (2022). An Explanatory Model of Sport Motivation, Physical Self-Concept and Anxiety as a Function of the Degree of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Future Physical Education Teachers. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(20), 13547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013547

Olsen, T. M., & Mehus, I. (2022). Students’ Performance in Physical Education: The Role of Differential Achievement Goals and Self-Regulated Learning. Education Sciences, 12(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12020142

Pfeffer, I., Lach, L., & Sanchez, X. (2023). Self-regulation and healthy lifestyles: considering the future may increase current physical activity levels. Psychology, health & medicine, 28(10), 2825–2831. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2022.2121973

Prieto-González, P., Rivera-Villafuerte, A., & Canli, U. (2025). Motivation to practice health-oriented physical activity among university students. BMC Public Health, 25, 2626. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23781-2

Reigal, R. E., Hernández-Martos, J., Monteiro, D., Pérez-López, R., Hernández-Mendo, A., & Morales-Sánchez, V. (2024). Motivational Orientation, Boredom and Fun in Physical Education: The Mediation Role of Self-Esteem and Motor Self-Efficacy. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 131(3), 998-1019. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241242147

Resnik, D. B. (2012). Ethical virtues in scientific research. Accountability in Research, 19(6), 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2012.728908

Rodríguez-Romo, G., Acebes-Sánchez, J., García-Merino, S., Garrido-Muñoz, M., Blanco-García, C., & Diez-Vega, I. (2022). Physical Activity and Mental Health in Undergraduate Students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(1), 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010195

Rogayan, D. V., Jr, & Padre, E. M. (2025). Sedentary Lifestyle, Physical Activity, and Healthy Digital Media Use of Filipino Adolescents: Review and Policy Insights. Health science reports, 8(7), e71012. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71012

Silva, R. M. F., Mendonça, C. R., Azevedo, V. D., Memon, A. R., Silva Noll, P. R. E., & Noll, M. (2022). Barriers to physical activity among students: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 17(4), e0265913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265913

Singh, B., Murphy, A., Maher, C., & Smith, A. E. (2024). Time to Form a Habit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health Behaviour Habit Formation and Its Determinants. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 12(23), 2488. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232488

Sun, J., Chang, J., Zhu, E. et al. (2023). Comparative research on the development of college students’ physical fitness based on online physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 23, 742. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15599-7

Tagare, R. & Villaluz, G. (2021). Activity Preferences of Generation Z Students for Tertiary Physical Education: Implications for Curriculum Enhancement. Mult. J. Edu. Soc & Tec. Sci., 8(2), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2021.15492

Teuber, M., Leyhr, D. & Sudeck, G. Physical activity improves stress load, recovery, and academic performance-related parameters among university students: a longitudinal study on daily level. BMC Public Health 24, 598 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18082-z

Tomar, R. (2022). The Role of Physical Education in Promoting Student Development. Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies, 1(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.1.2.10

Vella, C. A., & Nelson, M. C. (2024). Patterns and correlates of sedentary behavior among university students. Journal of American college health: J of ACH, 72(9), 3772–3780. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2198020

Verma, A. K., Singh, G., & Patwardhan, K. (2022). Patterns of physical activity and self-management in university students. JMIRx Med, 3(2), e31521. https://doi.org/10.2196/31521

Wei X, Lai Z, Tan Z, Ou Z, Feng X, Xu G and Ai D (2024) The effect of physical activity on depression in university students: the mediating role of self-esteem and positive psychological capital. Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1485641

Wintle, J. (2022). Physical Education and Physical Activity Promotion: Lifestyle Sports as Meaningful Experiences. Education Sciences, 12(3), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030181

Zhou, T., & Colomer, J. (2024). Cooperative Learning Promoting Cultural Diversity and Individual Accountability: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 14(6), 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060567

Zhou, T., Wang, H., & Li, D. (2023). Focusing on the value of cooperative learning in physical education: A bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1300986. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1300986

Downloads

Published

2026-09-01

Issue

Section

Original articles

Similar Articles

1-10 of 120

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.