Las relaciones entre el acoso laboral, el compromiso organizativo y la renuncia silenciosa entre los profesionales de la educación física
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/3nz27n62Palabras clave:
acoso laboral, compromiso organizativo, abandono silencioso, educación deportiva, comportamientos en el lugar de trabajoResumen
El acoso laboral supone un riesgo organizativo significativo para las instituciones de educación deportiva. Puede agotar los recursos psicológicos de los empleados y debilitar su compromiso con la organización, lo que puede dar lugar a un aumento de la «renuncia silenciosa». Este estudio analizó los niveles de acoso laboral, compromiso con la organización y «renuncia silenciosa» entre los empleados del sector de la educación deportiva. Además, se evaluaron las propiedades de medición de estos tres constructos y las relaciones entre ellos. Un total de 550 participantes tomaron parte en este estudio transversal y correlacional. Los datos se recopilaron mediante una escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos compuesta por 39 ítems. Cada dimensión contaba con 13 ítems. La consistencia interna se examinó mediante los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio basado en la estimación de mínimos cuadrados ponderados para evaluar la validez de constructo. Las puntuaciones medias fueron de 2,92 ± 0,71 para el acoso laboral, 3,17 ± 0,60 para el compromiso organizacional y 2,26 ± 0,67 para la «renuncia silenciosa». Los coeficientes alfa oscilaron entre 0,913 y 0,932. El modelo de tres factores mostró un ajuste excelente (χ²/df = 1,037; CFI = 0,998; TLI = 0,997; RMSEA = 0,008; SRMR = 0,029). Existe una relación positiva entre el acoso laboral y la «renuncia silenciosa» (r = 0,602; p < 0,001). La relación entre el acoso laboral y el compromiso organizacional es negativa (r = −0,481; p < 0,001). También se observó una relación negativa entre el compromiso organizacional y la «renuncia silenciosa» (r = −0,461; p < 0,001). Las tres puntuaciones variaron según el tipo de organización. Los trabajadores de clubes deportivos o centros educativos experimentan mayores niveles de acoso laboral y de «renuncia silenciosa». Solo la puntuación de «renuncia silenciosa» varió en función de la antigüedad en el puesto. Los resultados indican que la «renuncia silenciosa» no es meramente una elección individual. Las condiciones organizativas también influyen en este comportamiento.
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