Influencia del nivel de experiencia en el control postural percibido y la activación muscular autoinformada en la monta inglesa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/nycc9z50Palabras clave:
equilibrio dinámico, estabilidad del tronco, percepción corporal, aprendizaje motor, enseñanza de equitaciónResumen
Antecedentes: La equitación inglesa requiere un control postural dinámico y una modulación precisa de la activación muscular, que se desarrollan progresivamente con la experiencia del jinete. Aunque numerosos estudios han investigado estos aspectos mediante enfoques biomecánicos e instrumentales, se ha prestado menos atención a la percepción subjetiva del jinete en relación con la estabilidad, la fluidez de los movimientos y el control del equilibrio. Objetivo: El estudio tenía como objetivo analizar la percepción de la activación muscular y el control postural en la equitación inglesa en función del nivel de experiencia. Materiales y métodos: Se dividió a treinta jinetes en tres grupos, según su nivel de experiencia (principiante, intermedio, experto). Se administró un cuestionario estructurado, que incluía preguntas de opción múltiple y ítems en una escala de Likert de 5 puntos destinados a evaluar la fatiga muscular percibida, la estabilidad postural, la fluidez de movimiento y el efecto del uso de los estribos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre el nivel de experiencia y el control postural (p < 0,05). Concretamente, los jinetes expertos informaron de una mayor estabilidad pélvica y una mayor fluidez a la hora de seguir los movimientos del caballo, con una menor percepción de inestabilidad y rigidez del tronco en comparación con los principiantes. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugirieron que los jinetes con distintos niveles de experiencia manifestaban percepciones diferentes en cuanto a la estabilidad pélvica, la fluidez de los movimientos y la rigidez del tronco. Estos modelos autodeclarados pueden proporcionar información exploratoria para la enseñanza de la equitación; sin embargo, es necesario validarlos con respecto a medidas biomecánicas y fisiológicas objetivas.
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