Desplazamiento activo en niños y adolescentes: Una revisión narrativa de sus efectos en la salud física, el bienestar psicológico y los factores contextuales.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/rgfpng83Palabras clave:
actividad física, transporte activo, niños, adolescentes, bienestarResumen
La inactividad física en niños y adolescentes representa un desafío relevante para la salud pública. El propósito de esta revisión narrativa fue examinar la evidencia disponible sobre el desplazamiento activo en niños y adolescentes y su relación con la salud física, el bienestar psicológico y los factores contextuales asociados a su práctica. Se desarrolló una búsqueda estructurada en PubMed, considerando artículos publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2016 y el 31 de diciembre de 2025, en inglés o español, con texto completo disponible y centrados en población de 6 a 18 años. La búsqueda inicial identificó 266 registros; tras el proceso de cribado y elegibilidad, 13 estudios fueron incluidos en la síntesis narrativa. Los hallazgos indican que el desplazamiento activo se asocia con mayores niveles de actividad física moderada-vigorosa, mejor condición cardiorrespiratoria y beneficios psicosociales vinculados con autonomía, autoeficacia, apoyo social y percepción de bienestar. Su adopción depende de factores contextuales como distancia hogar-escuela, seguridad vial, infraestructura peatonal o ciclista, caminabilidad del entorno y percepción de seguridad de las familias. La evidencia revisada permite considerar el desplazamiento activo como una estrategia relevante de promoción de estilos de vida saludables, especialmente cuando se integra en acciones educativas, familiares, urbanas y comunitarias.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gabriela Tapia Zamora, Iransé Oliveira-Silva, Cristian Lagos-Olivos, Sergio Araya-Sierralta, David Ulloa-Díaz, Luis Romero-Vera (Autor/a)
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