Pensamiento estratégico, vocación emprendedora y planificación profesional entre los estudiantes de ciencias del deporte

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/s0pajf80

Palabras clave:

pensamiento estratégico, inclinación emprendedora (IE), planificación de la carrera profesional, actitud profesional proactiva, reconocimiento de oportunidades

Resumen

Este estudio analiza las relaciones multidimensionales entre la capacidad de pensamiento estratégico, la inclinación emprendedora y el desarrollo profesional entre los estudiantes de ciencias del deporte. Se utilizó un diseño correlacional transversal. La muestra incluyó a 905 estudiantes matriculados en programas de ciencias del deporte en Turquía. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un instrumento —desarrollado por los autores para este estudio— de 64 ítems con una escala de Likert de cinco puntos que abarcaba seis constructos. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en submuestras independientes. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar las asociaciones directas e indirectas. Los efectos indirectos se comprobaron con 5.000 muestras de bootstrap. Las medias de las subescalas oscilaron entre 3,07 y 3,24, y los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach, entre 0,864 y 0,928. Para el modelo de medición de seis factores, se obtuvieron los siguientes valores: χ²/df = 1,117; CFI = 0,982; TLI = 0,981; RMSEA = 0,016; y SRMR = 0,036. Las proporciones de varianza explicadas por el modelo son del 13,8 % para la OPSA, del 18,8 % para la IBPCA, del 27,4 % para la EI, del 16,9 % para la CP y del 20,0 % para la SCDI. La capacidad de pensamiento estratégico se asoció positivamente con la percepción de oportunidades y la conciencia estratégica. También, con el comportamiento innovador y una actitud proactiva hacia la carrera profesional. La ruta directa hacia la inclinación emprendedora no fue estadísticamente significativa. Las rutas indirectas sí lo fueron. La capacidad de pensamiento estratégico se asoció directamente con la planificación profesional. Asimismo, mostró asociaciones directas e indirectas con la intención de desarrollo profesional estratégico en la industria del deporte. Ello sugiere que el pensamiento estratégico no se traduce automáticamente en inclinación emprendedora. Su contribución se refuerza al reconocer las oportunidades y adoptar comportamientos profesionales proactivos e innovadores. Los programas de ciencias del deporte deberían combinar el pensamiento estratégico con el análisis de oportunidades, el emprendimiento aplicado, la planificación profesional y la experiencia en el sector.

Referencias

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Akkermans, J., & Hirschi, A. (2023). Career proactivity: Conceptual and theoretical reflections. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12444

Bazine, N., Stevenson, L., & Freour, L. (2025). Protean career orientation and career success: On the roles of proactive career process during the school-to-work transition. Journal of Career Assessment, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727241262289

Dalal, M., Carberry, A. R., & Archambault, L. (2023). Futures, values, systems, and strategic thinking among engineering education research collaborators. Journal of Engineering Education, 112(2), 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20511

Dheer, R. J. S., & Castrogiovanni, G. J. (2023). Cognitive adaptability’s impact on entrepreneurial intent: The mediating roles of entrepreneurial passion and efficacy. Journal of Business Research, 160, 113798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113798

Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2023). The role of individual characteristics in shaping digital entrepreneurial intention among university students: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47, 101236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101236

Fang, W., Zhang, Y., Mei, J., Chai, X., & Fan, X. (2024). Proactive personality and career adaptability: The mediating role of college experience among vocational students. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1333677. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1333677

Galvão, A. R., Marques, C. S., Mendes, T., & Azevedo, C. (2025). How does perceived university support boost students’ entrepreneurial intentions? Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02441-7

González-Serrano, M. H., Alonso-Dos-Santos, M., Sendra-García, J., & Calabuig, F. (2023). Sports entrepreneurship during COVID-19: Technology as an ally to maintain the competitiveness of small businesses. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187, 122256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122256

González-Serrano, M. H., González-García, R. J., Carvalho, M. J., & Calabuig, F. (2021). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions of sports sciences students: A cross-cultural approach. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100322

Hammerschmidt, J., González-Serrano, M. H., Puumalainen, K., & Calabuig, F. (2024). Sport entrepreneurship: The role of innovation and creativity in sport management. Review of Managerial Science, 18, 3173–3202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00711-3

Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: The role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 62(7–8), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033

Hirschi, A., & Koen, J. (2021). Contemporary career orientations and career self-management: A review and integration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126, 103505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103505

Hou, F., Su, Y., Qi, M., Chen, J., & Tang, J. (2022). A multilevel model of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: Opportunity recognition as a mediator and entrepreneurial learning as a moderator. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 837388. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837388

Jiang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, W., Peng, K. Z., & Wu, C.-H. (2023). Career proactivity: A bibliometric literature review and a future research agenda. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 144–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12442

Joachim, G., Schulenkorf, N., Schlenker, K., & Frawley, S. (2020). Design thinking and sport for development: Enhancing organizational innovation. Managing Sport and Leisure, 25(3), 175–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1611471

Lara-Bocanegra, A., Bohórquez, M. R., & García-Fernández, J. (2022). Innovation from sport’s entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship: Opportunities from a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 23(5), 863–880. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-12-2020-0212

Lara-Bocanegra, A., Bohórquez, M. R., García-Fernández, J., Ratten, V., & Gálvez-Ruiz, P. (2025). Design, validation and psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess intrapreneurial behaviours in sports organisations. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-01015-y

Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027

Lu, W. C. (2020). Future work-self salience and proactive career behavior among college student-athletes in Taiwan: A career construction model of adaptation. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100259

Malathi, M., & Venugopal, P. (2025). Entrepreneurial intention and engagement in entrepreneurship education. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00524-6

Paek, B., Martyn, J., Oja, B. D., Kim, M., & Larkins, R. J. (2022). Searching for sport employee creativity: A mixed-methods exploration. European Sport Management Quarterly, 22(4), 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1804429

Ramos, A. S., Hammerschmidt, J., Ribeiro, A. S., Lima, F., & Kraus, S. (2022). Rethinking dual careers: Success factors for career transition of professional football players and the role of sport entrepreneurship. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 23(5), 881–900. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-02-2021-0029

Ratten, V. (2018). Sport entrepreneurship: Developing and sustaining an entrepreneurial sports culture. Springer.

Sandoval-Álvarez, C. (2023). Perceived behavioral traits as key determinants of entrepreneurial intention in higher education institutions. Tec Empresarial, 18(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18845/te.v18i1.6935

Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed., pp. 147–183). John Wiley & Sons.

Tantawy, M., Herbert, K., McNally, J. J., Mengel, T., Piperopoulos, P., & Foord, D. (2021). Bringing creativity back to entrepreneurship education: Creative self-efficacy, creative process engagement, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, e00239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00239

Vidal-Vilaplana, A., González-Serrano, M. H., & Crespo-Hervàs, J. (2025). Exploring elite athletes’ entrepreneurial intentions: Unraveling the impact of high-level sports career in skills development. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-01037-6

Winand, M., Bell, E., & Zeimers, G. (2023). “It’s not just a job, it’s a passion”: Passions and motivations of sport entrepreneurs. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 13(3), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-08-2021-0096

Xu, H. (2026). The reciprocal relationships between career wisdom and proactive career behavior. Journal of Career Assessment, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727251331098

Yang, Y., & Cole, C. L. (2022). Smart stadium as a laboratory of innovation. Communication & Sport, 10(2), 374–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479520943579

Yuksel, M., Smith, A. N., & Milne, G. R. (2021). Fantasy sports and beyond: Complementary digital experiences as innovations for enhancing fan experience. Journal of Business Research, 134, 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.037

Descargas

Publicado

2026-10-01

Número

Sección

Artículos Originales

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

Artículos similares

1-10 de 150

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.