Implementación de políticas en programas de desarrollo deportivo: revisión sistemática cualitativa y síntesis temática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/tcvja045Palabras clave:
programas de desarrollo deportivo, implementación de políticas, gobernanza deportiva, perspectivas de los actoresResumen
Los programas de desarrollo deportivo (PDD) tienen como objetivo facilitar una participación significativa en el deporte, pero su eficacia depende no solo del diseño de las políticas, sino también de su implementación y de las experiencias de las partes interesadas. Esta revisión sistemática cualitativa y síntesis temática examinó las perspectivas de las partes interesadas sobre la implementación de políticas en los PDD en diversos contextos internacionales. Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020, se realizaron búsquedas en Scopus, PubMed y Google Scholar para identificar estudios cualitativos y de métodos mixtos elegibles, publicados en inglés entre 2020 y 2025. Se incluyeron 25 estudios y se evaluó su calidad mediante la Lista de Verificación de Estudios Cualitativos del Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), y los hallazgos se sintetizaron mediante síntesis temática. Surgieron cinco temas analíticos: (1) presiones de gobernanza y financieras; (2) brechas entre las políticas y la práctica; (3) limitaciones estructurales y de capacidad; (4) poder y desigualdad; y (5) desafíos culturales y motivacionales. Los hallazgos indican que las políticas de los PDD no se implementan de manera lineal, sino que son interpretadas y ejecutadas dentro de contextos organizacionales y socioculturales determinados por las presiones de gobernanza, las limitaciones de recursos, las prioridades organizacionales, los intereses de las partes interesadas y las expectativas culturales. Aunque las políticas pueden fortalecer la rendición de cuentas y la estandarización, también pueden limitar la autonomía organizacional y dificultar una implementación sensible a las necesidades locales. Por lo tanto, una implementación eficaz de los PDD requiere una gobernanza equilibrada que combine rendición de cuentas con flexibilidad, capacidad organizacional adecuada, participación significativa de las partes interesadas y estrategias sensibles al contexto para ampliar las oportunidades deportivas, promover la inclusión y reducir las desigualdades en el acceso al deporte.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Johnlenon N. Aliser, Donny Wira Yudha Kusuma, Tandiyo Rahayu, Mirian P. Aman, Alejandro E. Raterta III, Sri Sumartiningsih (Autor/a)
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