Análisis del rendimiento y las reacciones de las extremidades inferiores de los atletas de pencak silat durante la competición: un enfoque contextual de las situaciones competitivas

Autores/as

  • Bayu Budi Prakoso Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Dwi Cahyo Kartiko Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Hamdani Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Indra Himawan Susanto Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Yanuar Alfan Triardhana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Febryansah Gilang Aris Pradana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Wahyu Indra Bayu Sriwijaya University. Indonesia Autor/a
  • Septyaningrum Putri Purwoto STKIP PGRI Bangkalan. Indonesia Autor/a

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/wj8nn970

Palabras clave:

Pencak silat, extremidades inferiores, puñetazos, tiempo de reacción, rendimiento

Resumen

El rendimiento en el pencak silat depende en gran medida de la explosividad de las extremidades inferiores y de la rapidez de reacción durante el combate. Sin embargo, existen pocas pruebas empíricas sobre cómo estos componentes físicos influyen en el rendimiento real de los atletas de pencak silat durante los combates. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre los componentes de las extremidades inferiores y el tiempo de reacción de los atletas con el rendimiento en los combates de pencak silat. La investigación empleó un método correlacional cuantitativo en el que participaron 24 atletas de pencak silat que habían competido a nivel provincial. Los componentes medidos incluyeron la fuerza de las piernas, la potencia de las piernas (salto vertical), la velocidad en un sprint de 20 metros y el tiempo de reacción de todo el cuerpo (visual y auditivo). El rendimiento en los combates se evaluó mediante el análisis de vídeos basándose en el número de puñetazos, patadas y derribos exitosos. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo de regresión entre el rendimiento de las extremidades inferiores y el número de puñetazos era casi significativo (p = 0,069; R² = 0,41), con contribuciones parciales significativas de la fuerza de las piernas (p = 0,047), la reacción visual (p = 0,005) y la reacción auditiva (p = 0,021). Sin embargo, los modelos de regresión para el número de patadas (p = 0,421; R² = 0,225) y derribos (p = 0,336; R² = 0,254) no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Estos hallazgos indican que la fuerza de las piernas y la reacción visual desempeñan un papel crucial en el rendimiento de los puñetazos, mientras que las patadas y los derribos pueden verse más influenciados por factores técnicos y de coordinación.

Referencias

Alfiansyah, A., Karo, P., Rahayu, T., & Setyawati, H. (2023). Application of Biomechanical Analysis of Pencak Silat Techniques. International Conference on Science, Education and Technology, 1(2), 48–53. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/ISET/article/download/2393/1879/6394

Barley, O. R., Chapman, D. W., Guppy, S. N., & Abbiss, C. R. (2019). Considerations when assessing endurance in combat sport athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(MAR), 435497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00205

Beattie, K., & Ruddock, A. D. (2022). The Role of Strength on Punch Impact Force in Boxing. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(10), 2957–2969. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004252

Boroushak, N., Rashedi, H., Batavani, M., & Ashena, H. (2023). Modulation of the Hip Range of Motion for Kick following Combination Exercise in Iranian Elite Male Taekwondo Players: Quasi-experimental Study. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 19(1), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.48305/JRRS.2023.42112.1067

Cherepov, E. A., Eganov, A. V., Bakushin, A. A., Platunova, N. Y., & Sevostyanov, D. Y. (2021). Maintaining postural balance in martial arts athletes depending on coordination abilities. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(6), 3427–3432. https://doi.org/10.7752/JPES.2021.06464

Cid-Calfucura, I., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Franchini, E., Falco, C., Alvial-Moscoso, J., Pardo-Tamayo, C., Zapata-Huenullán, C., Ojeda-Aravena, A., & Valdés-Badilla, P. (2023). Effects of Strength Training on Physical Fitness of Olympic Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3516. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH20043516

Clark, J., Betz, B., Borders, L., Kuehn-Himmler, A., Hasselfeld, K., & Divine, J. (2020). Vision Training and Reaction Training for Improving Performance and Reducing Injury Risk in Athletes. Journal of Sports and Performance Vision, 2(1), e8–e16. https://doi.org/10.22374/jspv.v2i1.4

Corcoran, D., Climstein, M., Whitting, J., & Del Vecchio, L. (2024). Impact Force and Velocities for Kicking Strikes in Combat Sports: A Literature Review. Sports, 12(3), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12030074

Ervilha, U. F., Fernandes, F. de M., Souza, C. C. de, & Hamill, J. (2020). Reaction time and muscle activation patterns in elite and novice athletes performing a taekwondo kick. Sports Biomechanics, 19(5), 665–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2018.1515244,

Fong, S. S. M., Ng, S. S. M., Liu, K. P. Y., Pang, M. Y. C., Lee, H. W., Chung, J. W. Y., Lam, P. L., & Guo, X. (2014). Musculoskeletal Strength, Balance Performance, and Self-Efficacy in Elderly Ving Tsun Chinese Martial Art Practitioners: Implications for Fall Prevention. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, 2014, 402314. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/402314

Franchini, E., Takito, M. Y., & Bertuzzi, R. C. de M. (2005). Morphological, physiological and technical variables in high-level college judoists. Archives of Budo, 1(1). https://archbudo.com/view/abstract/id/10730

Fukuda, W., Yoshihisa, T., & Yamada, Y. (2025). Effects of muscle quantity, muscle quality, and phase angle on whole-body reaction time in 5164 adults aged 20–91 years. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(1), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05591-3

Gavagan, C. J., & Sayers, M. G. L. (2017). A biomechanical analysis of the roundhouse kicking technique of expert practitioners: A comparison between the martial arts disciplines of Muay Thai, Karate, and Taekwondo. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0182645. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0182645

Goethel, M. F., Vilas-Boas, J. P., Machado, L., Ervilha, U. F., Moreira, P. V. S., Bendilatti, A. R., Hamill, J., Cardozo, A. C., & Gonçalves, M. (2023). Performance, Perceptual and Reaction Skills and Neuromuscular Control Indicators of High-Level Karate Athletes in the Execution of the Gyaku Tsuki Punch. Biomechanics 2023, Vol. 3, Pages 415-424, 3(3), 415–424. https://doi.org/10.3390/BIOMECHANICS3030034

Greco, F., Quinzi, F., Chiodo, S., Cerulli, C., Tranchita, E., Bertollo, M., & Emerenziani, G. Pietro. (2024). The effects of pre-task music on choice visual reaction time in elite taekwondo athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(4), 276–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.01.002

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., & Seiler, S. (2012). Speed and countermovement-jump characteristics of elite female soccer players, 1995-2010. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(4), 340–349. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.7.4.340,

Hernandez-Martinez, J., Cid-Calfucura, I., Valdés-Badilla, P., Franchini, E., García-García, J. M., & Herrera-Valenzuela, T. (2024). Acute and Chronic Effects of Muscle Strength Training on Physical Fitness in Boxers: A Scoping Review. Applied Sciences 2024, Vol. 14, Page 9706, 14(21), 9706. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP14219706

Ihsan, N., Hidayat, R., Damrah, Neldi, H., Sepriadi, & Muslimin. (2022). The Contribution of Leg Muscle Explosive Power, Agility, and Self-confidence on Sickle Kick Performance. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(4), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.13189/SAJ.2022.100408

Liu, T. Te, Lin, Y. C., Tang, W. T., Hamill, J., & Chang, J. S. (2021). Lower-limb kinematic characteristics of Taekwondo kicks at different attack angles. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 21(4), 519–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1924526

Mapelli, A., Zago, M., Fusini, L., Galante, D., Colombo, A., & Sforza, C. (2014). Validation of a protocol for the estimation of three-dimensional body center of mass kinematics in sport. Gait & Posture, 39(1), 460–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.08.025

Markovic, G., Dizdar, D., Jukic, I., & Cardinale, M. (2004). Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 551–555. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15320660/

Mujahid, H., & Subekti, N. (2021). Tactical Analysis of Pencak Silat Competitions in the Competing Category. Journal Coaching Education Sports, 2(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.31599/ssj17q61

Quinzi, F., Rosellini, G., & Sbriccoli, P. (2022). Lower Limb Maximal Power Predicts Punching Speed in Different Static and Dynamic Attacking Techniques in Karate. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(5), 1353–1359. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003653,

Rizqi, M., Trisnanto, A., & Alfarizi, M. R. (2024). Analysis of the Use of Dominant Techniques in Pencak Silat in the Competition Category After the New Regulations of 2023. Proceedings of International Conference on Physical Education, Health, and Sports, 4, 491–495. https://doi.org/10.15294/ICOPHS.V4I1.3543

Rodrigues, J. C. C., Penna, E. M., Machado, H. E. S., Sant’Ana, J., Diefenthaeler, F., & Coswig, V. S. (2023). Effects of lower and upper body fatigue in striking response time of amateur karate athletes. PeerJ, 1. https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ.14764,

Romero-Franco, N., Fernández-Domínguez, J. C., Montaño-Munuera, J. A., Romero-Franco, J., & Jiménez-Reyes, P. (2019). Validity and reliability of a low-cost dynamometer to assess maximal isometric strength of upper limb: Low cost dynamometry and isometric strength of upper limb. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(15), 1787–1793. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1594570,

Ruddock, A., James, L., French, D., Rogerson, D., Driller, M., & Hembrough, D. (2021). High-Intensity Conditioning for Combat Athletes: Practical Recommendations. Applied Sciences 2021, Vol. 11, Page 10658, 11(22), 10658. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP112210658

Safiyna, A., Anwari, N., Susanto, I. H., Firmansyah, A., & Mustar, Y. S. (2025). Relationship between body composition and limb muscle power of taekwondo athletes. Sriwijaya Journal of Sport, 4(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.55379/SJS.V4I2.30

Sant’Ana, J., Franchini, E., da Silva, V., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2017). Effect of fatigue on reaction time, response time, performance time, and kick impact in taekwondo roundhouse kick. Sports Biomechanics, 16(2), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1217347,

Sun, J., Wang, Y., & Dong, D. (2023). Lower limb electromyographic characteristics and implications of taekwondo roundhouse kick “hit” and “miss” actions. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1258613. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1258613

Syaifullah, R., & Lingsir Maghribi, I. (2023). Speed analysis of the Front Kicks technique in 2022 pencak silat world champion athletes: Kinematic analysis. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 9(1), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i1.19983

Vagner, M., Cleather, D. J., Olah, V., Vacek, J., & Stastny, P. (2023). A Systematic Review of Dynamic Forces and Kinematic Indicators of Front and Roundhouse Kicks across Varied Conditions and Participant Experience. Sports, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SPORTS11080141,

Valdés-Badilla, P., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Branco, B. H. M., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Mendez-Rebolledo, G., Concha-Cisternas, Y., & Hernandez-Martínez, J. (2022). Effectiveness of Olympic Combat Sports on Balance, Fall Risk or Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Biology, 11(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/BIOLOGY11010074

Vasconcelos, B. B., Protzen, G. V., Galliano, L. M., Kirk, C., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2020). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(3), 888–900. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003255,

Wu, R., Yang, Q., Cui, W., Gao, D., Luo, Y., & Wang, D. (2024). Relationship between visual ability assessment and punch performance in competition in male amateur boxers. Frontiers in Physiology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2024.1429554

Xiao, S., & He, J. (2024). Effect of blood flow restriction training on the explosive power of lower limbs in taekwondo athletes during kicking. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 21(3), 148–148. https://doi.org/10.62617/MCB148

Yuan, Q., Deng, N., & Soh, K. G. (2025). A meta-analysis of the effects of plyometric training on muscle strength and power in martial arts athletes. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13102-025-01059-9

Descargas

Publicado

2026-07-01

Número

Sección

Artículos Originales

Artículos similares

1-10 de 41

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.