De la infancia a la adolescencia: cambios en los determinantes del desplazamiento activo escolar y diario en Euskadi

Autores/as

  • Xabier Mateos-Marañón Universidad de Deusto Autor/a
  • Arkaitz Larrinaga-Undabarrena Universidad de Deusto Autor/a
  • Neritzel Albisua-Kaperotxipi Universidad de Mondragón Autor/a
  • José Ramón Sánchez-Isla Universidad de Deusto Autor/a
  • Xabier Río Universidad de Deusto Autor/a

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/brarq384

Palabras clave:

movilidad activa, transporte escolar, infancia, adolescencia, entorno urbano, desigualdades socioeconómicas

Resumen

El desplazamiento activo constituye una oportunidad relevante para integrar actividad física en la vida cotidiana del alumnado; sin embargo, la evidencia disponible suele analizar sus determinantes considerando rangos de edad amplios y sin diferenciar entre distintos dominios de movilidad. El objetivo fue examinar si los determinantes sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y territoriales del desplazamiento activo difieren entre infancia y adolescencia, y si estas asociaciones varían entre el desplazamiento activo al centro educativo y el desplazamiento activo diario. Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 1.032 escolares de 6 a 18 años de Euskadi. Se analizaron por separado dos desenlaces dicotómicos (activo/pasivo): desplazamiento activo al centro educativo y desplazamiento activo diario. Los análisis se estratificaron por etapa educativa (infancia: 6–11 años; adolescencia: 12–18 años) y se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística por sexo, índice de privación socioeconómica (MEDEA), provincia, entorno urbano, tipo de centro y práctica de deporte organizado. En la infancia, el desplazamiento activo se asoció principalmente con factores territoriales y contextuales, reflejando la influencia del entorno físico y de las condiciones locales de movilidad, con una influencia limitada de la privación socioeconómica. En la adolescencia se observó un gradiente socioeconómico consistente, especialmente en el desplazamiento activo diario, con mayores probabilidades de desplazamiento activo en niveles de privación intermedia y media-baja en comparación con el nivel más alto. Los patrones de asociación difirieron entre los dominios de desplazamiento analizados. En conclusión, los determinantes del desplazamiento activo varían según la etapa educativa y el dominio de movilidad, lo que respalda la necesidad de intervenciones específicas por etapa e incorpora una perspectiva de equidad especialmente relevante en la adolescencia.

Referencias

Alliott, O., Yang, Y., Wiggins, N., Hardman, C. A., & Fairclough, S. J. (2023). Do socioeconomic inequities arise during school-based physical activity interventions? A systematic review. BMJ Open, 13(3), e065953. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065953

Barros, P., Lopes, L., Rodrigues, L. P., & Silva, P. (2024). Impact of active travel to school on children’s health: An overview of systematic reviews. Journal of Transport & Health, 32, 101427. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.atpp.2023.11.003

Brindley, C., Hamrik, Z., Kleszczewska, D., Dzielska, A., Mazur, J., Haug, E., Kopcakova, J., Marques, A., Altenburg, T., Demetriou, Y., & Bucksch, J. (2023). Gender-specific social and environmental correlates of active travel to school in four European countries: the HBSC Study. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1190045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1190045

Campos-Garzón, P., Sevil-Serrano, J., García-Hermoso, A., Chillón, P., & Barranco-Ruiz, Y. (2023). Contribution of active commuting to and from school to device-measured physical activity levels in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 33(11), 2110–2124. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14450

Cerin, E., Sit, C. H. P., Barnett, A., Cheung, M. C., Lai, P. C., Johnston, J. M., … Sallis, J. F. (2022). Determining thresholds for spatial urban design and transport features associated with physical activity: Findings from the IPEN adult study. The Lancet Global Health, 10(6), e895–e906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00068-7

Chanpariyavatevong, K., Champahom, T., Se, C., Jomnonkwao, S., & Ratanavaraha, V. (2024). The intervention design to promote active travel mode among children and adolescents: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(4), e26072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26072

Chillón, P., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Veidebaum, T., Oja, L., Mäestu, J., & Sjöström, M. (2010). Active commuting to school in children and adolescents: an opportunity to increase physical activity and fitness. Scandinavian journal of public health, 38(8), 873–879. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494810384427

D'Haese, S., De Meester, F., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Deforche, B., & Cardon, G. (2011). Criterion distances and environmental correlates of active commuting to school in children. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 8, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-88

Duffy, R. T., Larsen, K., Bélanger, M., Brussoni, M., Faulkner, G., Gunnell, K., Tremblay, M. S., & Larouche, R. (2024). Children's Independent Mobility, School Travel, and the Surrounding Neighborhood. American journal of preventive medicine, 66(5), 819–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2023.12.002

Elgar, F. J., Pförtner, T. K., Moor, I., De Clercq, B., Stevens, G. W., & Currie, C. (2015). Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health 2002-2010: a time-series analysis of 34 countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Lancet (London, England), 385(9982), 2088–2095. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61460-4

Faulkner, G. E., Buliung, R. N., Flora, P. K., & Fusco, C. (2009). Active school transport, physical activity levels and body weight of children and youth: a systematic review. Preventive medicine, 48(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.10.017

Huang, C., Memon, A. R., Yan, J., Lin, Y., & Chen, S. T. (2021). The Associations of Active Travel to School With Physical Activity and Screen Time Among Adolescents: Do Individual and Parental Characteristics Matter?. Frontiers in public health, 9, 719742. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.719742

Lam, H. Y., Jayasinghe, S., Ahuja, K. D. K., & Hills, A. P. (2023). Active School Commuting in School Children: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Research Implications. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(20), 6929. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20206929

Larouche, R., Saunders, T. J., Faulkner, G., Colley, R., & Tremblay, M. (2014). Associations between active school transport and physical activity, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness: a systematic review of 68 studies. Journal of physical activity & health, 11(1), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2011-0345

Larrinaga-Undabarrena, A., Albisua, N., Río, X., Angulo-Garay, G., González-Santamaria, X., Atxa, I. E., De Lahidalga Aguirre, G. M., De Azua Larrinaga, M. R., Aguirre-Betolaza, A. M., Gorostegi-Anduaga, I., Maldonado-Martín, S., Arregui, J. A., Guerra-Balic, M., Bringas, M., Isla, J. R. S., & Coca, A. (2022). Level of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in the Child and Adolescent Population in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (6-17 Years Old): Protocol for the Mugikertu Study. JMIR Research Protocols, 11(3), e31325. https://doi.org/10.2196/31325

Larrinaga-Undabarrena, A., Río, X., Sáez, I., Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza, A., Albisua, N., Martínez de Lahidalga Aguirre, G., Sánchez Isla, J. R., Urbano, M., Guerra-Balic, M., Fernández, J. R., & Coca, A. (2023). Effects of Socioeconomic Environment on Physical Activity Levels and Sleep Quality in Basque Schoolchildren. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030551

Loh, V., Sahlqvist, S., Veitch, J., Walsh, A., Cerin, E., Salmon, J., Mavoa, S., & Timperio, A. (2024). Active travel, public transport and the built environment in youth: Interactions with perceived safety, distance to school, age and gender. Journal Of Transport & Health, 38, 101895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2024.101895

Malnes, L., Haugen, T., Nordbø, E. C. A., Ivarsson, A., Kolle, E., Resaland, G. K., Solberg, R. B., Åvitsland, A., & Berntsen, S. (2025). Objectively measured environmental factors in relation to school travel mode among adolescents: a decision tree analysis. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 22(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01727-6

Mitra, R., & Buliung, R. N. (2014). The influence of neighborhood environment and household travel interactions on school travel behavior: an exploration using geographically-weighted models. Journal Of Transport Geography, 36, 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.03.002

Mitra, R., & Buliung, R. N. (2015). Exploring differences in school travel mode choice behaviour between children and youth. Transport Policy, 42, 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.04.005

Mitra, R., Buliung, R. N., & Faulkner, G. E. (2010). Spatial clustering and the temporal mobility of walking school trips in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Health & place, 16(4), 646–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.01.009

Mitra, R. (2013). Independent Mobility and Mode Choice for School Transportation: A Review and Framework for Future Research. Transport Reviews, 33(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2012.743490

Ozbil, A., Yesiltepe, D., Argin, G., & Rybarczyk, G. (2021). Children’s active school travel: Examining the combined perceived and objective built-environment factors from space syntax. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010286

Panter, J. R., Jones, A. P., & van Sluijs, E. M. (2008). Environmental determinants of active travel in youth: a review and framework for future research. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 5, 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-34

Panter, J. R., Jones, A. P., van Sluijs, E. M., & Griffin, S. J. (2010). Attitudes, social support and environmental perceptions as predictors of active commuting behaviour in school children. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 64(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.086918

Pont, K., Ziviani, J., Wadley, D., Bennett, S., & Abbott, R. (2009). Environmental correlates of children's active transportation: a systematic literature review. Health & place, 15(3), 827–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.02.002

Rodríguez-Rodríguez, F., Gálvez-Fernández, P., Huertas-Delgado, F. J., Aranda-Balboa, M. J., Saucedo-Araujo, R. G., & Herrador-Colmenero, M. (2021). Parent's sociodemographic factors, physical activity and active commuting are predictors of independent mobility to school. International journal of health geographics, 20(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-021-00280-2

Sallis, J. F., Bull, F., Burdett, R., Frank, L. D., Griffiths, P., Giles-Corti, B., & Stevenson, M. (2016). Use of science to guide city planning policy and practice: how to achieve healthy and sustainable future cities. Lancet (London, England), 388(10062), 2936–2947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30068-X

van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ekelund, U., Crochemore-Silva, I., Guthold, R., Ha, A., Lubans, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Ding, D., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2021). Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet (London, England), 398(10298), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9

World Health Organization. (2022). Global status report on physical activity 2022. World Health Organization.

Descargas

Publicado

2026-07-01

Número

Sección

Artículos Originales

Artículos similares

1-10 de 23

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.