Flywheel resistance training and performance determinants in long-distance runners: A narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/nev3ke48Keywords:
long-distance running, marathon running, athletic performance, resistance training, flywheel resistance trainingAbstract
Flywheel resistance training, characterized by its emphasis on eccentric force production, has been supported by the scientific literature as an effective strategy for enhancing muscle power, muscle mass, running speed, and sport-specific performance capacities. Within this context, the aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the main determinants of performance in long-distance runners, describe how strength training may contribute to their improvement, and examine the potential role of flywheel resistance training in influencing these determinants based on the available scientific evidence.
To this end, a narrative review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases without date restrictions. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, and experimental studies were considered for inclusion.
The available evidence suggests that strength training, particularly programs emphasizing eccentric muscle actions and a high rate of force development, improves running economy and endurance performance without compromising maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max). In this regard, flywheel resistance training, which induces high neuromuscular demands and running-specific mechanical stimuli, may promote adaptations related to the stretch-shortening cycle and musculotendinous stiffness. Nevertheless, the current evidence remains limited and heterogeneous.
In conclusion, flywheel resistance training, when combined with aerobic endurance training, appears to be a promising strategy for optimizing key performance determinants in long-distance runners. However, further high-quality experimental research is warranted to clarify its effectiveness and practical applications.
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