Socio-economic impacts of micro-sport events: a systematic literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/vn0agp55Keywords:
micro-sport events, socio-economic impacts, territorial development, systematic literature review, PRISMAAbstract
In recent decades, sport events have increasingly been recognised as tools for economic development, social cohesion, and territorial transformation beyond their competitive dimension. Despite their small scale, micro-sport events have attracted growing attention due to their strong local embeddedness and reliance on existing resources. This study examines their socio-economic impacts within territorial contexts through a systematic literature review. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review synthesises 45 peer-reviewed studies from Web of Science and Scopus. The findings highlight both economic outcomes, including sport tourism and visitor expenditure, alongside social outcomes such as social capital, community cohesion, and residents’ perceptions. Governance, sustainability, and territorial attractiveness also emerge as important dimensions. However, gaps persist, including limited use of integrated frameworks, the predominance of cross-sectional quantitative approaches, and the underrepresentation of Global South contexts. The review contributes to a more integrated understanding of micro-sport events by emphasising the links between social and economic dimensions and the role of territorial contexts in shaping event outcomes. Overall, micro-sport events appear as territorially embedded processes whose impacts emerge through interactions between local dynamics, stakeholder coordination, and contextual conditions.
References
Agha, N., & Taks, M. (2015). A theoretical comparison of the economic impact of large and small events. International Journal of Sport Finance, 10(3), 199‑216. https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351501000301
Amador, L., Campoy-Muñoz, P., Cardenete, M. A., & Delgado, M. C. (2017). Economic impact assessment of small-scale sporting events using social accounting matrices: An application to the Spanish football league. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 9(3), 230‑246. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2016.1269114
Anderson, J., & Taks, M. (2019). Urban governance of non-mega sport events: A socio-political discourse analysis. In M. Winand & C. Anagnostopoulos (Eds.), Research Handbook on Sport Governance (p. 167‑181). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786434821.00027
Baakil, D., & Ekhouira, Y. (2020). Les micro-événements sportifs au service de l’attractivité des territoires marocains locaux. Revue de Management et Cultures, (5). https://doi.org/10.48430/IMIST.PRSM/remac-n5.11337
Babineau, J. (2014). Product Review: Covidence (Systematic Review Software). Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l’Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada, 35(2), 68. https://doi.org/10.5596/c14-016
Barajas, A., Coates, D., & Sanchez-Fernandez, P. (2016). Beyond retrospective assessment : Sport event economic impact studies as a management tool for informing event organization. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 22(3), 124‑130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2015.05.001
Barajas, Á., Salgado, J., & Sánchez, P. (2020). Problemática de los estudios de impacto económico de eventos deportivos. Studies of Applied Economics, 30(2), 441. https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v30i2.3535
Bazzanella, F., Peters, M., & Schnitzer, M. (2019). The perceptions of stakeholders in small-scale sporting events. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 20(4), 261‑286. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2019.1640819
Ben Mahmoud, I., Morales, V., & Massiera, B. (2020). Les valeurs partagées comme déterminant de la dynamique de compromis entre les acteurs de l’organisation d’un événement sportif. Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure, 43(2), 129‑143. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2020.1788781
Benreghai, M. A. (2024). Sporting events and territorial development in Morocco: The case of Benslimane province. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9(1), 1‑16. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-1623
Bourbillères, H. (2017). Impacts territoriaux des événements sportifs parisiens (2013-2016): L’approche par les dynamiques locales [Thèse de doctorat]. Université Paris-Saclay.
Bowdin, Glenn A. J., Allen, J., O’Toole, William, Harris, R., & McDonnell, I. (2006). Events management (2nd ed). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080457154
Brown, G., Smith, A., & Assaker, G. (2016). Revisiting the host city : An empirical examination of sport involvement, place attachment, event satisfaction and spectator intentions at the London Olympics. Tourism Management, 55, 160‑172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.010
Buning, R. J., Cole, Z. D., & McNamee, J. B. (2016). Visitor expenditure within a mountain bike event portfolio: Determinants, outcomes, and variations. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(2), 103‑122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1239547
Carvalho, M. J., Sousa, M., Paipe, G., Bavaresco, G., & Felipe, J. L. (2018). Economic impact of the 11th Douro Valley half marathon. Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research, 78(1), 41‑49. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2018-0012
Cela, A., Kowalski, C., & Lankford, S. (2006). Spectators’ characteristics and economic impact of local sports events:A case study of Cedar valley moonlight classic soccer tournament. World Leisure Journal, 48(3), 45‑53. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2006.9674453
Chutiphongdech, T., Tangtammaruk, P., Aksorntap, A., Tovara, S., Daengmeesee, S., & Siwareepan, N. (2025). Sport event hosting and provincial economic growth: Evidence from the Bangsaen21 half marathon in Thailand. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05494-4
Coleman, R., & Ramchandani, G. (2010). The hidden benefits of non-elite mass participation sports events: An economic perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 12(1), 19‑31. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-12-01-2010-B004
Cooper, H. M., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (Éds.). (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed). Russell Sage Foundation.
Crespo Sogas, P., Fuentes Molina, I., Araujo Batlle, À., & Raya Vílchez, J. M. (2021). Economic and social yield of investing in a sporting event: Sustainable value creation in a territory. Sustainability, 13(13), 7033. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137033
Crompton, J. L. (1995). Economic impact analysis of sports facilities and events: Eleven sources of misapplication. Journal of Sport Management, 9(1), 14‑35. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.9.1.14
Duan, Y., Mastromartino, B., Nauright, J., Zhang, J. J., & Liu, B. (2021). How do perceptions of non-mega sport events impact quality of life and support for the event among local residents? Sport in Society, 24(10), 1742‑1762. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.1916247
Duglio, S., & Beltramo, R. (2017). Estimating the economic impacts of a small-scale sport tourism event: The case of the Italo-Swiss mountain trail CollonTrek. Sustainability, 9(3), 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030343
Duignan, M. B., Zou, S., Everett, S., Walsh, L., Page, S., Fyall, A., & Hansen, M. (2023). How do event zones influence visitor behaviour and engagement with host destinations? A longitudinal study of the Cambridge half marathon (2017–2020). Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20(100598). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100798
Đurkin Badurina, J., Perić, M., & Vitezić, V. (2021). Potential for the regeneration of rural areas through local involvement in the organisation of sport events. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26(5), 377‑394. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1829990
Getz, D. (2007). Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events (Butterworth-Heinemann).
Gibson, H. J., Kaplanidou, K., & Kang, S. J. (2012). Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourism. Sport Management Review, 15(2), 160‑170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013
Gkarane, S., Gianni, M., & Vassiliadis, C. (2024). Running toward sustainability: Exploring off-peak destination resilience through a mixed-methods approach—the case of sporting events. Sustainability, 16(2), 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020576
Gkarane, S., Kavoura, A., Vassiliadis, C., Kotzaivazoglou, I., Fragidis, G., & Vrana, V. (2025). The role of organizers in advancing sustainable sport tourism: Insights from small-scale running events in Greece. Sustainability, 17(14), 6399. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146399
González García, R. J., Pérez-Campos, C., & García Pascual, F. (2021). Intenciones futuras de participar en un pequeño evento deportivo sostenible: Influencia de la motivación, afición y satisfacción de los participantes en carreras solidarias. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 16(50), 661‑670. https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v16i50.1585
Goulas, A. (2025). A novel study on the impact of a small scale sport event on local economy and local communities. Futurity of Social Sciences, 3(1), 107‑125. https://doi.org/10.57125/FS.2025.03.20.07
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91‑108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Gratton, C., Dobson, N., & Shibli, S. (2000). The economic importance of major sports events : A case-study of six events. Managing Leisure, 5(1), 17‑28. https://doi.org/10.1080/136067100375713
Hall, C. M. (2006). Urban entrepreneurship, mega-events and urban politics. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30(1), 59‑79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00659.x
Hritz, N., & Cecil, A. (2019). Small business owner’s perception of the value and impacts of sport tourism on a destination. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 20(3), 224‑240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15470148.2019.1635547
Kaplanidou, K., & Gibson, H. J. (2012). Predicting behavioral intentions of active event sport tourists: The case of a small-scale recurring sports event. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 17(3), 163‑179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2010.498261
Kaplanidou, K., & Potwarka, L. R. (2024). Sport Events and Community Development (1st Edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003452744
Kerwin, S., Warner, S., Walker, M., & Stevens, J. (2015). Exploring sense of community among small-scale sport event volunteers. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(1), 77‑92. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2014.996581
Kwiatkowski, G. (2016). Composition of event attendees: A comparison of three small-scale sporting events. International Journal of Sport Finance, 11(2), 163‑180. https://doi.org/10.1177/155862351601100205
Li, X. (2022). Attribution interpretation of urban marathon events based on random matrix model. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 1‑10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7908516
Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Poczta, J. (2018). A small-scale event and a big impact—is this relationship possible in the world of sport? The meaning of heritage sporting events for sustainable development of tourism—experiences from Poland. Sustainability, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114289
Mckay, T., McEwan, L., & Baker, M. (2019). The rise of trail running in South Africa: Possibilities for small-scale sports tourism. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 26(3), 930‑942. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.26320-408
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), 336‑341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Mur Sangrá, M., Abella Garcés, S., & Barlés Arizón, M. J. (2020). Pequeños eventos deportivos y su impacto en el turismo local: El caso de la prueba cicloturista la Quebrantahuesos. Investigaciones Turísticas, 19, 240‑259. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2020.19.11
Olsen, T., Tsuji, Y., & Sato, S. (2025). Connecting event impact perceptions to sponsor-related behaviours among residents in the host city. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 26(1), 37‑55. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2024-0091
Oshimi, D., & Yamaguchi, S. (2023). Leveraging strategies of recurring non-mega sporting events for host community development: A multiple-case study approach. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 19‑36. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-06-2021-0071
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement : An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Parra-Camacho, D., Calabuig Moreno, F., Añó Sanz, V., Ayora Pérez, D., & Núñez Pomar, J. M. (2014). El impacto de un evento deportivo mediano: Percepción de los residentes de la comunidad de acogida (The impact of a medium-size sporting event: The host community perceptions). Retos, 26, 88‑93. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34407
Parra-Camacho, D., González-García, R. J., & Alonso-Dos-Santos, M. (2021). Social impact of a participative small-scale sporting event. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 11(2), 109‑124. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-12-2019-0119
Perić, M., Đurkin, J., & Wise, N. (2016). Leveraging small-scale sport events: Challenges of organising, delivering and managing sustainable outcomes in rural communities, the case of Gorski kotar, Croatia. Sustainability, 8(12), 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121337
Pickering, C., & Byrne, J. (2014). The benefits of publishing systematic quantitative literature reviews for PhD candidates and other early-career researchers. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(3), 534‑548. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.841651
Ramos-Ruiz, J. E., & Salgado-Barandela, J. (2025). Clustering residents’ perception of rural rally tourism: An inclusive approach from the Sierra Morena rally in Obejo, Spain. Tourism and Hospitality, 6(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6020069
Rossini, L., Falese, L., Andrade, A., & Federici, D. (2024). Exploring the socio-economic impact of small and medium-sized sports events on participants, tourism and local communities: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 28(4), 197‑220. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2024.2448940
Rowley, A., & Smith, J. (2022). An investigation of the economic impact of small-scale sports events: The case of a medium-sized city in the Western United States. Acta Universitatis Carolinae KINANTHROPOLOGICA, 58(1), 19‑37. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2022.2
Tomino, A. C., & Perić, M. (2025). Understanding sport events organisational elements and impacts from the organiser and residents’ perspective. Hotel and Tourism Management, 13(2), 9‑26. https://doi.org/10.5937/menhottur2500012C
Valarde-Menary, J. (2019). Small scale sport events and sustainability: A case study in Torres del paine national park, Chile. University of the Pacific.
Vargáné Csobán, K., & Serra, G. (2014). The role of small-scale sports events in developing sustainable sport tourism a case study of fencing. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 8(4), 17‑22. https://doi.org/10.19041/APSTRACT/2014/4/3
Wakefield, A. (2015). Synthesising the literature as part of a literature review. Nursing Standard, 29(29), 44‑51. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.29.44.e8957
Yusof, A., Shah, P. M., & Geok, S. K. (2012). Application of leiper’s tourist attraction system to small-scale sport event tourism in Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(7), 2045‑2052. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.07.2045
Zhou, R., & Kaplanidou, K. (2018). Building social capital from sport event participation: An exploration of the social impacts of participatory sport events on the community. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 491‑503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.11.001
Ziakas, V., & Boukas, N. (2016). The emergence of “small-scale” sport events in “small island” developing states: Towards creating sustainable outcomes for island communities. Event Management, 20(4), 537‑563. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599516X14745497664479
Zourgani, A., & Ait-Bihi, A. (2023). A systematic literature review: Assessing the impact of sports events between 2010 and 2022. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 15(2), 347‑365. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2023.2206397
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Wiame Drissi-el-bouzaidi, Safae Kaddouri (Autor/a)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
The author retains the economic rights (copyright) of the published works and grants the journal the right of first publication.
The works are published in the electronic edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike license. They may be copied, used, distributed, transmitted, and publicly displayed, provided that: (i) authorship and the original source of publication (journal, publisher, and URL of the work) are cited; (ii) they are not used for commercial purposes; (iii) the existence and specifications of this license are indicated.
![]()
Self-archiving conditions. Authors are permitted and encouraged to disseminate electronically the post-print versions (publisher’s version), as this facilitates earlier circulation and dissemination, potentially increasing citation and reach within the academic community. Authors may also deposit their articles in repositories and other platforms that support the dissemination of information, provided that the version used is the post-print (publisher’s version). RoMEO color: Blue.