Diferencias por sexo en la resistencia muscular y la reactividad al estrés y su asociación transversal en estudiantes de una universidad estatal filipina

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/0z12w171

Palabras clave:

resistencia muscular, reactividad percibida al estrés, diferencias por sexo, prueba de flexiones, estudio transversal

Resumen

La resistencia muscular y la reactividad al estrés son relevantes para el funcionamiento físico y el ajuste psicológico del alumnado, pero su relación transversal no está clara en poblaciones universitarias filipinas. Este estudio comparó la resistencia muscular y la reactividad percibida al estrés según el sexo y examinó sus asociaciones estadísticas. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional con una muestra por conveniencia de 129 estudiantes no deportistas de una universidad estatal filipina (92 hombres y 37 mujeres; edad: M = 18,43; DE = 0,99 años). La resistencia muscular de las extremidades superiores, inferiores y del tronco se representó mediante puntuaciones obtenidas previamente en las pruebas PATHFIT de flexiones de brazos, sentadilla en pared y plancha, que los participantes introdujeron en una encuesta en línea. La reactividad percibida al estrés se evaluó con una solución de 20 ítems de la Escala de Reactividad al Estrés Percibido reajustada para esta muestra (ω de las subescalas = 0,737–0,844; CFI = 0,898; TLI = 0,879; RMSEA = 0,076; SRMR = 0,056). Se aplicaron pruebas t de Welch y regresión lineal múltiple simultánea con α = 0,05. Los hombres obtuvieron puntuaciones superiores en las tres pruebas de resistencia muscular (todos p < 0,001; d = 0,733–0,905). Las mujeres informaron mayor reactividad prolongada, al conflicto social, al fracaso, a la evaluación social y reactividad total (p = 0,027 a < 0,001; d = 0,473–0,617); la reactividad a la sobrecarga de trabajo no difirió significativamente según el sexo (p = 0,169). Los modelos de regresión no fueron significativos en la muestra total, F(3, 125) = 1,152, p = 0,331, R² ajustado = 0,004, ni en los subgrupos. Por tanto, esta muestra y estos modelos no aportaron evidencia de asociación entre las puntuaciones de resistencia muscular y la reactividad percibida al estrés; ello no demuestra independencia entre los constructos. Se recomiendan estudios longitudinales con pruebas supervisadas, medidas objetivas del estrés, muestras equilibradas y covariables pertinentes.

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2026-10-01

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