Efectos de un programa educativo sobre salud mental, estilos de vida y autocuidado en deportistas universitarias

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/2hfvaa03

Palabras clave:

mujeres deportistas, promoción de la salud, salud mental, estilo de vida saludable, salud reproductiva

Resumen

Las mujeres deportistas universitarias enfrentan demandas físicas, académicas y psicosociales que pueden afectar su salud mental, estilos de vida y bienestar reproductivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un programa educativo orientado a promover hábitos saludables, fortalecer la salud mental y fomentar el autocuidado sexual y reproductivo en esta población. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con diseño pre-experimental en una muestra de 75 deportistas de una universidad pública del noreste de México con edad promedio de 18.89 años (DE = 1.17). La intervención autogestiva tuvo una duración de ocho semanas y abordó cuatro ejes: estilos de vida, hábitos nocivos y adicciones, salud mental y sexualidad responsable. Se aplicaron instrumentos validados para evaluar depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), estilos de vida promotores de salud (HPLP-II), consumo de alcohol y tabaco, así como conocimientos y conductas de autocuidado sexual y reproductivo. Análisis con el software SPSS versión 25.0 utilizando pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrada, U de Mann Whitney, análisis de regresión lineal múltiple y pruebas de ANCOVA. Los resultados mostraron disminución significativa del estrés y mejoras en nutrición, relaciones interpersonales, manejo del estrés e incremento de conductas de autocuidado sexual (p < .05). Aunque la puntuación de conocimientos sobre reproducción y sexualidad disminuyeron, el incremento en el autocuidado para la salud (aspecto conductual) sugiere un efecto positivo. En conjunto, los programas educativos autogestivos pueden favorecer la adopción de estilos de vida saludables, salud mental y autocuidado de la salud sexual en deportistas universitarias jóvenes

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2026-09-01

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