El efecto de la actividad física con pelota pequeña sobre la agilidad multicomponente en estudiantes de 11 a 12 años
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/2yvxyr71Palabras clave:
agilidad multicomponente, escolares, educación física, actividad física con pelota pequeñaResumen
El desarrollo de la agilidad multicomponente mediante actividades escolares que integran el movimiento multidireccional y la manipulación de objetos sigue siendo un área importante, aunque insuficientemente investigada, en la educación física. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el efecto de la actividad física basada en juegos con pelotas pequeñas sobre la agilidad multicomponente en estudiantes de 11 a 12 años y determinar si dichos efectos variaban según el nivel inicial de agilidad. Se empleó un diseño de grupo de control con pretest y postest y emparejamiento de sujetos, utilizando una estructura de tratamiento por nivel de 2 × 2. Participaron un total de 80 estudiantes de entre 11 y 12 años. El grupo de intervención participó en un programa de juegos con pelotas pequeñas durante 6 semanas, con 3 sesiones semanales (18 sesiones en total). El programa incorporó carrera, cambios de dirección, aceleración, desaceleración, coordinación, precisión y respuestas rápidas, manteniendo una intensidad controlada de aproximadamente el 65 %-75 % y una escala de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) de 12-14. El grupo de control participó en actividades de educación física de juego libre equiparables. La agilidad multicomponente se evaluó mediante la prueba N-Challenge Test. Los resultados mostraron un efecto principal significativo del grupo (p < 0,001; ηp² = 0,842), así como un efecto principal significativo del nivel inicial de agilidad (p = 0,042; ηp² = 0,053). Sin embargo, la interacción entre el grupo y el nivel inicial de agilidad no resultó significativa (p = 0,167; ηp² = 0,025). La actividad física basada en juegos con pelotas pequeñas resultó eficaz para mejorar la agilidad multicomponente en estudiantes de 11 a 12 años. En el marco de esta intervención de seis semanas, las mejoras fueron mayores en el grupo de intervención que en la condición de control equiparable, sin que se hallaran indicios de que el efecto de la intervención variara según la clasificación inicial de agilidad.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Aziza Puspadewi Safitri, Erwin Setyo Kriswanto, Aris Fajar Pambudi, Siti Nurrochmah, Trisnar Adi Prabowo (Autor/a)
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