Evaluación de habilidades motoras en población infantil y juvenil con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/txexwv05

Palabras clave:

autismo, trastorno del espectro autista, evaluaciones motoras, habilidades motoras finas, habilidades motoras gruesas

Resumen

Las habilidades motoras son fundamentales para el desempeño funcional y la participación escolar. En la población con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), las alteraciones motoras reportadas impactan negativamente su desarrollo en contextos educativos, deportivos y recreativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las pruebas más utilizadas para evaluar las habilidades motoras en individuos con TEA de 0 a 21 años. La revisión se rigió por los lineamientos de la guía PRISMA 2020. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus utilizando los términos “autism”, “ASD”, “motor assessments”, “fine motor skills” y “gross motor skills”. La calidad metodológica de los artículos incluidos se evaluó mediante una versión adaptada de la Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), ajustada a la heterogeneidad de los diseños observacionales incluidos. Los hallazgos indican que los instrumentos predominantes para la evaluación motora en esta población son la Prueba de Competencia Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky (BOT-2), la Batería de Evaluación del Movimiento para Niños (MABC-2) y el Test de Desarrollo Motor Grueso (TGMD). La principal limitación identificada fue la heterogeneidad metodológica de los estudios, lo cual dificultó la comparación directa de los resultados. Se sugiere que futuras investigaciones incorporen análisis biomecánicos y sensores de movimiento para robustecer la evaluación objetiva. Derivado de la investigación se concluye que las pruebas BOT-2, MABC-2 y TGMD se encuentran entre los instrumentos estandarizados utilizados con mayor frecuencia en los estudios analizados para la evaluación de las habilidades motoras en población con TEA.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Edgar Hernández -Durán, Universidad Veracruzana

    I hold a Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education, Sports and Recreation from Universidad Veracruzana (UV), as well as a Bachelor's Degree in Education with a specialization in Management and Training from Instituto Consorcio Clavijero. I have completed two graduate degrees: a Master's Degree in Applied Sciences to Physical Activity from Universidad Veracruzana and a Master's Degree in Sports Rehabilitation from CDEFIS University.

    I am currently pursuing a Ph.D. at the Institute for Brain Research, where my research interests focus on biomechanics, physical activity, rehabilitation, human performance, and the application of scientific evidence to human movement.

  • Jorge Manzo-Denes, Universidad Veracruzana

    Jorge Manzo Denes was born in Unión Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Mexico, on August 24, 1963. He is a neuroscientist and Full-Time Senior Researcher at the Institute for Brain Research of Universidad Veracruzana (UV). He earned a Bachelor's degree in Biology from Universidad Veracruzana, a Master's degree in Reproductive Biology from the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, and a Ph.D. in Physiological Sciences from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

    Dr. Manzo played a key role in the creation of the Institute for Brain Research at Universidad Veracruzana, serving as its first director and contributing significantly to its consolidation as a leading neuroscience research center in the region. He also participated in the design and implementation of the Ph.D. Program in Brain Research at UV, where he currently serves as a faculty member and mentor for graduate students. His academic career is distinguished by a strong commitment to scientific development, institutional innovation, and the training of highly qualified researchers.

    His primary research area focuses on the neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Through animal models and clinical studies involving children, he investigates the neural mechanisms underlying sensory processing alterations, social behavior, and neurodevelopment associated with ASD. In addition, his previous work in reproductive neuroendocrinology has contributed valuable knowledge regarding the hormonal regulation of the brain and behavior.

    Dr. Manzo has published extensively in national and international scientific journals, supervised numerous undergraduate, master's, and doctoral theses, and participated in scientific conferences throughout the Americas and Europe. He is a Level III member of Mexico’s National System of Researchers (SNII), the highest distinction within the system, a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and recipient of the Veracruz State Science and Technology Award.

  • María Leonor López-Meraz, Universidad Veracruzana

    María Leonor López Meraz is a researcher at the Institute for Brain Research of Universidad Veracruzana. She earned a Bachelor's degree in Pharmaceutical Biology and Chemistry from Universidad Veracruzana, a Master's degree in Pharmacology, and a Ph.D. in Neuropharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics from the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav). She also completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

    Her research focuses on neuropharmacology, experimental epilepsy, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal death. Her work has contributed significantly to the understanding of epileptic seizures and the development of therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.

    In recognition of her scientific career, she received the 2023 State Science and Technology Award in the field of Medicine and Health Sciences. She is a Level II member of Mexico’s National System of Researchers (SNII), holds the PRODEP Desirable Profile distinction, and belongs to several national and international scientific organizations, including the Mexican Academy of Sciences, the Society for Neuroscience (SfN), and the Mexican Chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy (CAMELICE).

  • María Rebeca Toledo-Cárdenas, Universidad Veracruzana

    Dr. María Rebeca Toledo Cárdenas was born in Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Biology from Universidad Veracruzana in Xalapa, Veracruz. She obtained a Master’s degree in Neuroethology with honors from Universidad Veracruzana and later earned a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from the Metropolitan University of Mexico City.

    Throughout her academic career, she worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Biological Research of Universidad Veracruzana and as a research assistant in the Mammal Range section of the Florida Museum of Natural History in Gainesville, Florida, USA. She was awarded scholarships by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) during both her Master's and Doctoral studies.

    Since 2008, Dr. Toledo has been a member of Mexico’s National System of Researchers (SNII), Level I. She is also a member of the CONACYT Register of Accredited Evaluators, the Mexican Society of Physiological Sciences, and the Society for Neuroscience in the United States.

    Currently, she is a faculty member and researcher at the Institute for Brain Research of Universidad Veracruzana, where she also serves as coordinator of the science outreach event “Brain Awareness Week,” a role she has held since 2009.

  • Rafael Fernández-Demeneghi, Universidad de Guadalajara

    Dr. Rafael Fernández Demeneghi is a researcher and academic at Universidad Veracruzana, specializing in Neuroethology and Nutritional Psychiatry. He holds a Ph.D. in Neuroethology from Universidad Veracruzana and completed postdoctoral studies in Nutritional Psychiatry at the Institute for Research in Eating Behavior and Nutrition at the University of Guadalajara.

    His scientific work focuses on the relationship between nutrition, the brain, and mental health. Among his most notable contributions are studies on the neuroprotective and antidepressant effects of functional foods, as well as research on the Milpa Diet as a sustainable dietary model with benefits for both human and environmental health. He has also conducted research in nutritional psychiatry and its relationship with complex mental health disorders.

    In recognition of his scientific contributions, he received the 2023 Arte, Ciencia, Luz Award granted by Universidad Veracruzana for the best doctoral thesis in the Biological and Agricultural Sciences area.

  • Rosalba Aguilar-Velázquez, Universidad Veracruzana

    Dr. Rosalba Aguilar Velázquez is an academic and faculty member at Universidad Veracruzana, with experience in the fields of information technologies, digital education, and professional training. Her academic work has been primarily developed within the Faculty of Accounting and Administration, where she contributes to the education of undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to projects aimed at strengthening digital competencies in higher education.

    Her work focuses on the integration of emerging technologies into teaching and learning processes, online education, digital literacy, and the development of innovative instructional strategies. She has also participated in initiatives related to gender equity and inclusion in technology-mediated educational environments.

    In addition to her teaching activities, she collaborates on academic, research, and university management projects, contributing to the design of educational resources, curriculum development, and the promotion of best practices in the use of digital tools for education. Her academic interests include the digital transformation of teaching, educational innovation, and the development of lifelong learning competencies.

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Publicado

2026-10-01

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Vol. 12 Núm. 6 (2026)

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Derechos de autor 2026 Edgar Hernández -Durán, Jorge Manzo-Denes, María Leonor López-Meraz, María Rebeca Toledo-Cárdenas, Rafael Fernández-Demeneghi, Rosalba Aguilar-Velázquez (Autor/a)

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