Creatina quinasa tras un combate oficial de boxeo amateur: magnitud, variabilidad y respuesta al masaje deportivo, la suplementación con aminoácidos ramificados o la recuperación pasiva

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/0gvbn477

Palabras clave:

creatina quinasa, masaje deportivo, aminoácidos ramificados, boxeo, deportes de combate, recuperación deportiva

Resumen

La creatina quinasa (CK) suele utilizarse para orientar las decisiones de recuperación en los deportes de combate, aunque su comportamiento tras la competición está poco descrito. Este estudio de campo exploratorio y no aleatorizado describió la magnitud y la variabilidad de la CK tras un combate oficial de boxeo amateur y comparó su evolución tras masaje deportivo, suplementación aguda con aminoácidos ramificados (BCAA) o recuperación pasiva. Cuarenta y cinco boxeadores amateurs varones fueron asignados, por conglomerados de categoría de peso, a las tres condiciones (n = 15 por grupo). La CK se midió antes de competir, 8 h tras el combate (justo antes de la intervención), 30 min después de la intervención y 24 h tras el combate. La CK no aumentó de forma detectable tras el combate, el 40% de los valores quedó por debajo del rango de referencia publicado para atletas varones y la mayor parte de la variación se produjo dentro de cada atleta y no entre atletas. A las 24 h, la CK fue aproximadamente un 60% menor tras la suplementación con BCAA que tras la recuperación pasiva (razón de medias geométricas 0,40; IC 95% 0,25–0,64), diferencia que se mantuvo en los análisis de sensibilidad; el masaje no difirió significativamente de ninguna de las otras condiciones. Es improbable que una aparente diferencia a los 30 min de la suplementación refleje un efecto del tratamiento, dada la lenta eliminación de la CK. En las condiciones de este estudio, un valor aislado de CK pareció tener una utilidad limitada para las decisiones individuales de recuperación. La diferencia a las 24 h debe considerarse preliminar y contrastarse en un ensayo aleatorizado, controlado con placebo y registrado.

Referencias

Angelopoulos, P., Diakoronas, A., Panagiotopoulos, D., Tsekoura, M., Xaplanteri, P., Koumoundourou, D., Saki, F., Billis, E., Tsepis, E., & Fousekis, K. (2022). Cold-water immersion and sports massage can improve pain sensation but not functionality in athletes with delayed onset muscle soreness. Healthcare, 10(12), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122449

Baird, M. F., Graham, S. M., Baker, J. S., & Bickerstaff, G. F. (2012). Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2012, 960363. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/960363

Campos, B. T., Penna, E. M., Ogando, P. H. M., Rodrigues, J. G. S., Albuquerque, M. R., Nakamura, F. Y., & Prado, L. S. (2025). Assessing post-competition recovery in judo: Insights into muscle damage and performance. Research in Sports Medicine, 33(4), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2025.2471384

Davis, H. L., Alabed, S., & Chico, T. J. A. (2020). Effect of sports massage on performance and recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000614. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000614

Des Jarlais, D. C., Lyles, C., & Crepaz, N. (2004). Improving the reporting quality of nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: The TREND statement. American Journal of Public Health, 94(3), 361–366. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.3.361

Dimou, A., Tsimihodimos, V., & Bairaktari, E. (2022). The critical role of the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism-regulating enzymes, branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), in human pathophysiology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 4022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23074022

Doma, K., Singh, U., Boullosa, D., & Connor, J. D. (2021). The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 46(11), 1303–1313. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2021-0110

Estoche, J. M., Jacinto, J. L., Roveratti, M. C., Gabardo, J. M., Buzzachera, C. F., de Oliveira, E. P., Ribeiro, A. S., da Silva, R. A., & Aguiar, A. F. (2019). Branched-chain amino acids do not improve muscle recovery from resistance exercise in untrained young adults. Amino Acids, 51(9), 1387–1395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-019-02776-5

Fitrianto, A. T., Prayoga, H. D., Habibie, M., & Fitrian, Z. A. (2023). Enhancing recovery from plyometric circuit training: The synergistic impact of dynamic stretching, BCAA supplementation, and sports massage on DOMS. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 396–409. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).14191

Franchini, E. (2020). High-intensity interval training prescription for combat-sport athletes: Energy-system contributions. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(6), 767–776. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0824

Helsel, D. R. (2006). Fabricating data: How substituting values for nondetects can ruin results, and what can be done about it. Chemosphere, 65(11), 2434–2439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.051

Howatson, G., Hoad, M., Goodall, S., Tallent, J., Bell, P. G., & French, D. N. (2012). Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance-trained males by branched chain amino acids: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-20

Jackman, S. R., Wallis, G. A., Yu, J., Philp, A., Baar, K., Tipton, K. D., & Witard, O. C. (2023). Co-ingestion of branched-chain amino acids and carbohydrate stimulates myofibrillar protein synthesis following resistance exercise in trained young men. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 33(4), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0015

Janiczak, A., Alcock, R., Forsyth, A., & Trakman, G. L. (2024). A systematic review of interventions targeting modifiable factors that impact dietary intake in athletes. British Journal of Nutrition, 131(2), 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114523001769

Jódar Liñás, E., & Castellote Caballero, M. Y. (2024). Efectividad de la crioterapia en la recuperación musculoesquelética de los artistas marciales: Revisión sistemática. Retos, 54, 676–691. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102790

Khemtong, C., Kuo, C.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Jaime, S. J., & Condello, G. (2021). Does branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation attenuate muscle damage markers and soreness after resistance exercise in trained males? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 13(6), 1880. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061880

Kılıc, Y., Cetin, H. N., Sumlu, E., Pektas, M. B., Koca, H. B., & Akar, F. (2019). Effects of boxing matches on metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in male elite boxers. Medicina, 55(6), 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060288

Li, S., Kempe, M., Brink, M., & Lemmink, K. (2024). Effectiveness of recovery strategies after training and competition in endurance athletes: An umbrella review. Sports Medicine - Open, 10(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00724-6

Luan, C., Wang, Y., Li, J., Zhou, N., Song, G., Ni, Z., Xu, C., Tang, C., Fu, P., Wang, X., Gong, L., & Zhang, E. (2025). Branched-chain amino acid supplementation enhances substrate metabolism, exercise efficiency and reduces post-exercise fatigue in active young males. Nutrients, 17(7), 1290. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071290

Maurício, C. A., Artioli, G. G., Gonçalves, A. F., Teixeira, R. P. A., Vieira, V., Brito, C. J., Pedreiro, R. C. M., Pérez, D. I. V., Aedo-Muñoz, E. A., Pierantozzi, E., & Miarka, B. (2025). An alternative structured weight management protocol to rapid weight loss in mixed martial arts: A prospective interventional study of pre-competition weight management strategies in professional athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12, 1581698. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1581698

Mero, A., Leikas, A., Knuutinen, J., Hulmi, J. J., & Kovanen, V. (2009). Effect of strength training session on plasma amino acid concentration following oral ingestion of leucine, BCAAs or glutamine in men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(2), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0892-6

Mougios, V. (2007). Reference intervals for serum creatine kinase in athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(10), 674–678. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.034041

Nikler, A., & Pekas, D. (2025). Post-exercise creatine kinase variability: A literature review. Biochemia Medica, 35(2), 020502. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2025.020502

Obmiński, Z., Crewther, B., & Cook, C. (2024). Disentangling the dynamic interplay between muscle damage and energetics in male boxers during a short training block. Biology of Sport, 41(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.127383

Ostapiuk-Karolczuk, J., Dziewiecka, H., Bojsa, P., Cieślicka, M., Zawadka-Kunikowska, M., Kaźmierczak, W., & Kasperska, A. (2025). Biochemical and psychological markers of fatigue and recovery in mixed martial arts athletes during strength and conditioning training. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 24234. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09719-z

Prabowo, T. A., Nevitaningrum, Wibowo, M. S. R., & Yulianto, W. D. (2023). Survey of supplement use and effects felt by amateur boxers. Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i1.396

Putri, Y. E., Triansyah, A., Ningrum, W. Y., & Bafadal, M. F. (2022). Sport massage dan stretching dalam mengurangi delayed onset muscle soreness olahraga intensitas tinggi Sports massage and stretching in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness in high-intensity exercise. Jurnal Performa Olahraga, 7(2), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.24036/jpo326019

Rahimlou, M., Ramezani, A., Mahdipour, M., Palimi, E., & Moradipoodeh, B. (2020). Reduction of muscle injuries and improved post-exercise recovery by branched-chain amino acid supplementation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health, 8(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22038/jnfh.2019.38666.1177

Salem, A., Ben Maaoui, K., Jahrami, H., AlMarzooqi, M. A., Boukhris, O., Messai, B., Clark, C. C. T., Glenn, J. M., Ghazzaoui, H. A., Bragazzi, N. L., Ammar, A., Trabelsi, K., & Chtourou, H. (2024). Attenuating muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness after an exercise-induced muscle damage with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. Sports Medicine - Open, 10(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00686-9

Salem, A., Trabelsi, K., Jahrami, H., AlRasheed, M. M., Boukhris, O., Puce, L., Bragazzi, N. L., Ammar, A., Glenn, J. M., & Chtourou, H. (2024). Branched-chain amino acids supplementation and post-exercise recovery: An overview of systematic reviews. Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 43(4), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2297899

Singh, S., Deori, L. A., Chetry, P., Manamkandath, M. P., Astuti, Y., Saha, S., & Khati, A. (2025). The effectiveness of varying plyometric training intensities in improving punching force and muscular fitness in adolescent boxers. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(5), 1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.5.19

Sohaimi, M. S., Ilias, N. F., Soberi, A. B. M., Bakar, N. A. A., Omar, M., Thomas, G., Sajadi, M., Hasan, H., Raja Azidin, R. M. F., & Ismail, H. (2026). Sports massage or active exercise for DOMS relief? A systematic review and meta-analysis among healthy population. Retos, 75, 101–118. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v75.117195

Tianlong, D., & Sim, Y. J. (2019). Effects of different recovery methods on post-boxing sparring fatigue substances and stress hormones. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 15(2), 258–263. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938050.025

Tiidus, P. M. (2026). Mechanisms and efficacy of massage therapy for post-exercise muscle repair: A narrative review. Muscles, 5(2), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/muscles5020029

VanDusseldorp, T. A., Escobar, K. A., Johnson, K. E., Stratton, M. T., Moriarty, T., Cole, N., McCormick, J. J., Kerksick, C. M., Vaughan, R. A., Dokladny, K., Kravitz, L., & Mermier, C. M. (2018). Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on recovery following acute eccentric exercise. Nutrients, 10(10), 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101389

Wang, S. (2024). Influence of branched-chain amino acid ingestion on creatine kinase post of eccentric exercise on recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 67, e24220879. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2024220879

Zhang, L., Li, H., Wei, Q., Xiao, Y., & Gao, Q. (2026). The effect of integrative neuromuscular training on physical fitness and punching performance in highly-trained male boxers. Frontiers in Physiology, 17, 1810393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1810393

Descargas

Publicado

2026-11-01

Número

Sección

Artículos Originales

Artículos similares

1-10 de 69

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.