Presión académica y carga de entrenamiento como predictores del burnout en deportistas adolescentes de doble carrera: la recuperación como vía exploratoria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/g0pt8476Palabras clave:
presión académica, burnout deportivo, recuperación, deportista adolescente, recuperación; carga de entrenamientoResumen
Los estudiantes deportistas adolescentes de escuelas especializadas en deporte entrenan de forma intensiva mientras siguen un currículo nacional sin modificaciones, lo que los expone a un mayor riesgo de burnout. La relación de la recuperación subjetiva con estos factores de estrés en contextos de carrera dual sigue siendo poco comprendida. Este estudio examinó las asociaciones de la carga de entrenamiento y la presión académica con el burnout. Se utilizó un diseño transversal con modelado de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Participaron 184 atletas adolescentes reclutados mediante muestreo total. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando session Rating of Perceived Exertion, Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents, Hooper Index y Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, y posteriormente se analizaron en SmartPLS 4 mediante un procedimiento de bootstrapping complementado con PLSpredict y el Cross-Validated Predictive Ability Test (CVPAT). La carga de entrenamiento (β = 0.270; p < 0.001) y la presión académica (β = 0.629; p < 0.001) se asociaron significativamente con el burnout, siendo la asociación con la presión académica más del doble de la observada para la carga de entrenamiento (f² = 0.909 frente a 0.158). La carga de entrenamiento se asoció con la recuperación (β = 0.243; p = 0.001), mientras que la presión académica no mostró una asociación significativa (p = 0.465). Se observó una asociación indirecta significativa a través de la recuperación para la carga de entrenamiento (β = 0.052; p = 0.012), pero no para la presión académica (p = 0.498). Contrariamente a la teoría del equilibrio entre estrés y recuperación, una mayor recuperación reportada se asoció con un mayor burnout (β = 0.216; p < 0.001); esta asociación se presenta sin atribuirle una interpretación causal. El ajuste del modelo fue aceptable (SRMR = 0.050); el R² fue de 0.570 para el burnout, pero solo de 0.059 para la recuperación. En este contexto, el burnout estuvo más fuertemente asociado con la presión académica que con la carga física de entrenamiento.
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