Desarrollo y validación preliminar de una prueba cognitiva de educación física que evalúa las habilidades de pensamiento de orden inferior, medio y superior en estudiantes de 12 a 15 años

Autores/as

  • Danang Endarto Putro Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta , STKIP PGRI Pacitan image/svg+xml Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2766-5917
  • Ngatman Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Autor/a
  • Sridadi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Autor/a
  • Catur Wahyu Priyanto Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Indonesia Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8126-9737
  • Trisnar Adi Prabowo Universitas Muhammadiyah Brebes, Indonesia Autor/a

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55040/sjrj9w72

Palabras clave:

pruebas cognitivas, educación física, LOTS-MOTS-HOTS, evaluación educativa, medición educativa

Resumen

La evaluación cognitiva en Educación Física requiere instrumentos validados que capturen no solo conocimientos factuales, sino también la capacidad de los estudiantes para aplicar y evaluar conceptos en contextos relacionados con el movimiento. Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar y realizar una validación preliminar de una prueba cognitiva de Educación Física basada en habilidades de pensamiento de orden inferior (LOTS), de orden medio (MOTS) y de orden superior (HOTS) para estudiantes de entre 12 y 15 años. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo para el desarrollo y la validación preliminar del instrumento. La validación de contenido contó con la participación de nueve validadores: cuatro docentes universitarios y cinco profesores de Educación Física de escuelas piloto. El estudio piloto empírico incluyó a 722 estudiantes de los grados 7, 8 y 9, pertenecientes a cinco escuelas de educación secundaria, que entregaron hojas de respuestas completas y codificables. El instrumento desarrollado consta de 47 ítems LOTS, 35 ítems MOTS y 33 ítems HOTS, cada uno con cuatro opciones de respuesta. Los temas abordados incluyen juegos con pelotas grandes, juegos con pelotas pequeñas, atletismo, gimnasia, condición física, pencak silat, estilos de vida saludables y prevención de lesiones. La validez de contenido se analizó mediante la V de Aiken, mientras que la fiabilidad interna se evaluó utilizando la fórmula Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20). Los resultados mostraron que la V de Aiken osciló entre 0,852 y 0,889, con un valor global de 0,870. El valor global de KR-20 fue de 0,687, mientras que los valores de KR-20 para LOTS, MOTS y HOTS fueron 0,573, 0,515 y 0,609, respectivamente. Estos resultados indican que el instrumento presenta pruebas sólidas de relevancia de contenido y una consistencia interna preliminar de nivel limitado a moderado. Por consiguiente, la prueba puede servir como base preliminar para el refinamiento de los ítems, el desarrollo de un banco de ítems cognitivos de Educación Física y una validación psicométrica más amplia

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2026-09-01

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