Efectos del entrenamiento híbrido de pliometría con escalera y pliometría en circuito sobre la velocidad de sprint y el desarrollo de la velocidad máxima en estudiantes masculinos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/smw7tj44Palabras clave:
entrenamiento pliométrico, velocidad de sprint, entrenamiento híbrido, entrenamiento en circuito, escalera de agilidad, adaptación neuromuscularResumen
El rendimiento en sprint es un factor clave de éxito en muchos deportes, ya que depende de la aceleración, la velocidad máxima y la eficiencia neuromuscular. Aunque el entrenamiento pliométrico mejora la potencia explosiva, la evidencia sobre enfoques de entrenamiento híbrido sigue siendo limitada. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos del entrenamiento híbrido de pliometría con escalera (HPLT) y del entrenamiento pliométrico en circuito (PCT) sobre la velocidad de sprint y la velocidad máxima en estudiantes masculinos. Se empleó un diseño experimental aleatorizado con pretest y postest. Sesenta participantes masculinos (18–22 años) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos HPLT (n = 20), PCT (n = 20) y control (CG; n = 20). La intervención de 12 semanas se llevó a cabo tres veces por semana. El rendimiento en sprint se evaluó en distancias de 30 m, 40 m y 50 m. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t pareadas y ANCOVA (p < 0.05). Se observaron mejoras significativas en los grupos HPLT y PCT en todas las distancias de sprint (p < 0.001), mientras que el grupo control no mostró mejoras. El análisis ANCOVA indicó diferencias significativas entre grupos en 30 m (F = 33.13), 40 m (F = 3.62) y 50 m (F = 4.64). El análisis post hoc confirmó que ambos grupos experimentales superaron al grupo control (p < 0.001). No se encontraron diferencias entre HPLT y PCT en 30 m; sin embargo, el PCT mostró mayores mejoras en 40 m y 50 m en la velocidad máxima. Ambos métodos de entrenamiento mejoran significativamente el rendimiento en sprint, siendo el PCT más beneficioso para mantener la velocidad máxima.
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