Barreras y facilitadores de la adherencia al fútbol recreativo en adolescentes varones con riesgo cardiometabólico: un estudio cualitativo derivado de un ECA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55040/v4vbq760Palabras clave:
riesgo cardiometabólico, ejercicio físico, deporte, obesidadResumen
La adherencia a programas de ejercicio físico para adolescentes con riesgo cardiometabólico es un fenómeno complejo, vinculado con experiencias individuales, sociales y contextuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las experiencias de adolescentes con riesgo cardiometabólico que participaron de dos modalidades de fútbol recreativo, identificando barreras y facilitadores de la adherencia o el abandono. Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo interpretativo con 17 adolescentes varones de 11 a 15 años, que participaron en un ensayo controlado aleatorizado que comparó dos modalidades de entrenamiento de fútbol para promover la salud cardiometabólica. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete adolescentes que abandonaron el programa y grupos focales con diez participantes de alta adherencia. El análisis temático reflexivo fue desarrollado por el equipo investigador mediante un proceso inductivo, iterativo y reflexivo, fortalecido por el registro sistemático de decisiones analíticas y discusiones críticas entre investigadores, lo que permitió construir tres temas centrales. Las barreras logísticas y contextuales, como transporte, clima, horarios y cambios organizacionales, fueron percibidas como obstáculos para la continuidad. El apoyo de entrenadores, pares y familias emergió como facilitador de pertenencia y motivación. Además, algunos participantes asociaron los juegos reducidos con mayor participación activa, percepción de competencia y satisfacción. Los hallazgos sugieren que la adherencia no dependería solo del interés deportivo, sino también de condiciones de acceso, apoyo social, seguridad psicológica, competencia percibida y disfrute. Las intervenciones futuras deberían ser inclusivas, viables y significativas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Eimmy Gálvez-Contreras, Karla Macera-Canales, Ariana Farel-Carraza, Damaris Jerez-Erazo, Iván Molina-Márquez, Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez (Autor/a)
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